Karla Homolka English Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Karla Homolka English - Research Paper Example With both of them participating in the murders, the role of Karla Homolka in the crimes was figured out vaguely, as there were differences of opinion regarding her contribution to those murders. This paper will chronicle her life starting from her early years, her marriage to Paul Benardo, rape and murder of the girls, finishing with the investigation, conviction and her eventual release. Early life Karla Homolka was born to Dorothy and Karel Homolka in 1970 as the eldest of three daughters in the Canadian town of Port Credit, Ontario. She went to Sir Winston Churchill Secondary School and even while going to the school, Karla worked as a part-time employee at a local pet shop. She graduated in the year 1988, and got employment as a veterinary assistant in Thorold Veterinary Clinic in Ontario. She did a similar job at the Mardinale Animal Clinic as well. â€Å"Karla developed a passion for animals and after high school she went to work at a veterinary clinic† (Montaldo). Thus, when one focuses on Karla’s early life, it appears that she lived a normal life, without exhibiting any negative or even psychotic tendencies. However, it all started to change when he married Paul Bernado. Marriage to Paul Bernado Karla as part of her job attended a pet convention in Toronto in the spring of 1987. During that visit, Karla, just 17 at that time, met 23-year-old Paul Bernardo in a â€Å"suburban hotel restaurant outside of Toronto and she fell for Paul, immediately.† (biography.com). They had sex on their first meeting and as their relationship started to develop, they â€Å"discovered that they shared the same sado-masochistic desires,† (Montaldo). Because of this ‘extremity’ in their relationship, Paul assumed the role of a ‘master’, with Karla willingly assuming the role of a ‘slave’, who has no problems in fulfilling her husband’s extreme fantasies. One of these extreme ‘fantasies’ o nly leads to their first murder - the murder of Karla’s own younger sister, Tammy Homolka. Rape and the murders Three years into their relationship, Paul starts to become obsessed with Tammy and to abuse her, he gets Karla’s help. One of Paul's constant complaints with Karla was that she was not a ‘virgin’ when they met and so she becomes ‘devoted’ to pleasing Paul in every way possible. (Montaldo). Using this weakness of Karla, Paul openly expressed his feelings for Tammy, and also convinces Karla to aid him in raping her. â€Å"It was, therefore, from his point of view, her responsibility to make it possible for Paul to take the virginity of†¦Tammy without her knowledge or consent.† (Bardsley). Karla wrongly accepts this flawed logic, and decides to make or force Tammy into being a sort of ‘surrogate virgin’ for her. In their first attempt in July 1990, Karla serves Tammy, a spaghetti dinner mixed with heavy doses of Valium, which was stolen from her workplace. â€Å"Bernardo rapes Tammy for about a minute before she starts to wake up† and so they temporarily abandon their plan then, waiting for another opportunity. ("Key events in the Bernardo/Homolka case"). Then, six months before their marriage, at a Christmas party at Karla parent’s house, Karla first mixes sedative Halcyon in the alcoholic drinks of Tammy. After the party was over and family members retired, the husband and wife duo took Tammy to the basement, with Karla holding a cloth soaked with Halothane over Tammy's mouth. (Becker, 2005). There, Paul with Karla

Drug Abuse Essay Example for Free

Drug Abuse Essay An estimated 12. 8 million Americans, about 6 percent of the household population aged twelve and older, use illegal drugs on a current basis (www. ncjrs. gov). Over the years the abuse of psychoactive drugs has become a persistent issue effecting individuals worldwide. Psychoactive Drugs are substances that change a person’s mood, perception, mental functioning and behavior (Understanding Psychology pg 142). These drugs are often ingested to alter an individuals feelings or to help them cope with their problems. However the â€Å"high† that they receive does not remain long, resulting in the continuous use of the drug to remain feeling that â€Å"high†. Nevertheless the ongoing abuse of these drugs may lead to these individuals developing a tolerance for the drug. This results to the individual becoming dependant upon the drug. This dependence is known as addiction. Nicotine, â€Å"Crack† Cocaine and Alcohol, are the most dangerous and addictive psychoactive drugs. Other commonly abused drugs are Amphetamines, Prescription Medication, Heroin, Ecstasy, and Marijuana. In the movie Rain substance abuse was seen numerous of times. Rain’s mother, and her best friend all showed signs of substance abuse or dependency. The movie showed how Drug abuse and addiction affects the society at large. However once a person becomes addicted there are ways to help them so that they can recover and be productive in society. Before I discuss the various ways to help a substance abuse recover, I will elaborate on how the addict harms themselves, as well as their families and the society.

macbeth :: essays research papers

Developing (or dynamic) character. A character who during the course of a story undergoes a permanent change in some aspect of his/her personality or outlook. Static character. A character who is the same sort of person at the end of a story as s/he was at the beginning. Lady Macbeth "They met me in the day of success: and I have learned by the perfectest report, they have more in them than mortal knowledge" (1.5.1-3). Lady Macbeth is reading the letter in which Macbeth tells of his meeting with the witches. After she has read the letter, Lady Macbeth is determined that she will make the witches' prophecy come true. She prepares herself to work her husband into a murderous state of mind. She also gets hereself into a murderous state of mind, crying out, "Come, you spirits / That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, / And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full / Of direst cruelty!" (1.5.40-43) When Macbeth arrives, she advises him to put on an innocent face in front of the King and to leave the rest to her. [Scene Summary] See, see, our honour'd hostess!" (1.6.10). Thus King Duncan greets Lady Macbeth at the gates of Macbeth's castle. In a display of consummate hypocrisy, Lady Macbeth gives a warm welcome to the man she is planning to murder. [Scene Summary] While King Duncan is having supper in Macbeth's castle, Macbeth steps out to think about the plan to kill the King. When Lady Macbeth finds Macbeth, she exclaims, "He has almost supp'd: why have you left the chamber?" (1.7.29). Then, in order to keep Macbeth committed to the murder plan, she verbally assaults his courage and manhood. This is the scene in which she brags that if she had made a vow to do a murder, she would follow through. Even if it were her own baby, she "would, while it was smiling in my face, / Have pluck'd my nipple from his boneless gums, / And dash'd the brains out, had I so sworn as you / Have done to this" (1.7.56-59). In a few minutes, Macbeth sees things her way. [Scene Summary] Banquo tells Macbeth that the King has been very pleased with the hospitality shown to him, and that "This diamond he greets your wife withal, / By the name of most kind hostess" (2.1.15-16).

The Game (Football Personal Experience Paper) :: essays research papers

The Game   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The game had been a strenuous battle from the very second that the whistle blew. In every play each one of us had put forth all of the effort and energy that we contained. Now, with only seconds left remaining in the forth quarter we trailed 14 to 17. Yet, hope still remained.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After a fumble recovery, my team was awarded the ball at the 50 yard line. The time left on the clock allowed us for one more play to win the game. Looking around at the players in the huddle not only did I see the fatigue that resulted from the game but I also saw that each one of them had determination to win. I called out the play and sent my fellow warriors to give it one last shot. As we approached the line of scrimmage the crowd grew deafening. They had cheered us on throughout the frigid temperatures of the night and now that the game was nearing an end they revealed to us that they too still had faith. Staring down our opponents, we lined up in our stances. Like dragons smoke, each breath taken would be revealed in the numbing cold. The clock had already restarted and began counting down to zero. As I prepared myself to receive the ball from the center the crowd became dead silent. Knowing that time ran short I began my cadence. â€Å"EVEN†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦READY-SET†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.HUT.† As the ball snapped into my hands, the crowd exploded with all the players as if they were connected by some unnatural force. I flew back into my pass drop and looked to my receivers. The opponent covering the receiver to my left prevented any hope of him getting open. Then, as I looked to my right, I saw that my other receiver broke free of the defensive man and was heading down the field. I directed the ball towards the end zone knowing that the pass must be perfect for a completion. As the ball sailed off my fingertips a 270 pound lineman pummeled me to the ground.

Successful and unsuccessful organizations

The success rate of a business organization is determined by the level of satisfaction it has being able and is still capable of rendering to those who patronize its services or products. It also9 depend on the level of trust the clients or buyers have for the service or product from the organization. This will form the bases whether they will continue to patronize the organization. The quality services and product has always being the reckoning force for successful business organizations.Thus, most successful business organizations have adopted the Total Quality Management (TQM) as a tool for the expansion of their success rate and also curving an edge for themselves over their counterparts in contemporary business world. Total quality is about bringing about a fundamental culture change within an organization. The foundation of the new culture has to be faith- that there is a better way of doing things, and that we are really fully committed to it.According to KPMG (2005), â€Å"T otal quality means adopting a customer- oriented business strategy. † This write- up tends to be base on Hilton International as a case stu7dy. Here, the organization operations in the past, present will be studied to see whether it will be successful or not in the next five years to come. HILTON INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION Hilton International organization is a name to be reckoned with when it comes to hostel industry world over.It has spread its tentacles to developing programmes such as esprit and Hilton University used in training its manpower. The organization is a Multi- International Corporation. Hilton International (HI) owns the right to the Hilton brand name throughout the world, with the exception of the USA, where the Hilton brand is owned and managed by Hilton Hotels Corporation (HHC). The Hilton International operates 403 hotels, with some 261 branded Hilton and 142 under the mid- market Scandic brand.The Hilton International and the North American Hilton Hotel Co rporation has a global alliance which extends the number of hotels operated by both companies worldwide to over 2,700- over 500 of which are branded Hilton. Also, both organizations share responsibility for the Conrad brand which includes 17 hotels in 12 countries (national business awards, 2005). Hilton International started its operation in hotel business in postwar cities, with its modest services of offering a clean environment, air- conditioned respite and a cheeseburger.The Hilton hotels were designed for political impact during this time. The hotels were seen as â€Å"little America†, where businessmen and tourists in Europe and the Middle East could retreat from the disturbingly alien into the comfortable services provided by the Hilton hotels. These same features lent the Hilton a utopian aura, for the economically exhausted local population where a space of luxury and promise which realized permanently and prominently, the new and powerful presence of the United Sta tes (Wharton, 2001)The Hilton International built 16 luxury hotels abroad between 1953 and 1966. â€Å"All were planned according to the Hilton programme and styled as ‘corporate modern’- the same form that distinguished the American embassies and consulates proliferating in the period† (ibid). The Hilton was the first significant modern structure, introducing a striking visual contrast to the vernacular fabrics of places such as Istanbul, Cairo, Athens and Jerusalem. The new architecture impact was amplified by the hotel’s unprecedented siting and scale.As already stated, the ideological base of the creation of Hilton International was not only for profit maximization, but also for political considerations. According to Conrad Hilton, â€Å"Hilton International Hotels were constructed not only to earn Hilton shareholders a profit, but also to make a political impact on host countries; an integral part of my dream was to show the countries most exposed to communism the other side of the coin†¦. the fruits of the free world† (ibid). Hence, the American government had assisted the corporation in no small measure in expanding its base internationally.The capital for the construction of the earlier Hiltons was commonly provided not by the corporation itself, but by institutions in the host countries, with occasional subsidies from the American Economic Co-operation Administration with the support of the US Department of state. Hilton envisioned a global peace where universal capitalism reign. The consistent modernity of the original Hiltons has made it lost its authority and bears no utopian meaning. This has to do with the remodeling of Hilton International in order to make it remain fashionable.THE ORGANIZATION’S STRATEGY AND PRESENT STANDING. The Hilton international is recognized presently as the world best known hotel. It triumphed at the prestigious UK National Business Awards for a second year by winning the cov eted ‘Broad-system Customer Focus Award 2005’. Previous year the organization won the Best Marketing Strategy Award. (National business awards, 2005). The Hilton International has operated a business strategy that makes its customers to have the best quality of service. The organization embrace a creative marketing agency, campaign works.This has supported Hilton’s new brand strategy. The strategy first embraced industry and customer research. Innovation Hubs were set up to turn lifestyle analysis and research into a contemporary hotel experience and conventional thinking was challenged which contributed to the creation of the new customer brand promise. The next phase saw the development of innovative internal and external marketi9ng tools that communicated and delivered the brand strategy throughout the organization and to the customer.The embraced strategy of Hilton International has led to its outstanding success with significant commercial returns. Hilton is now the number one hotel brand in every global market with higher guest satisfaction, improved team member satisfaction and increased financial perfo4rmance (ibid). The Hilton International is expanding its manpower knowledge through its Hilton University. Currently, there are 8000 team members, team leaders, departmental managers and general managers in 70 countries in the Hilton University.The university is recognized as a world standard for management development in the hospitality industry. It has a primary focus of a web- based delivery of core management and skill development with the goal of maintaining world-class customer service throughout the Hilton International organization. The Hilton International sees it as a challenge to increase and broaden the reach of the university to serve even more emp0loyees worldwide, to increase the sophistication of learning activities it offers and to more directly link learning and skills development with the company’s business r esults.The Sum Total learner management system is aimed at developing more in-depth, blended learning programs, incorporating employee competencies by job role and function, and aligning them with specific content and business goals. (elearnity. com, 2004) According to John Guthrie, head of International management development at Hilton International, ‘what sets Hilton apart is the immense pride we take in the standards of service we deliver to all our guests. Sum-Total will help us measure the effectiveness of certain training programs- for example in e-commerce and reservations – in increasing customer satisfaction†(ibid)In year 2000, Hilton International unveiled a plan to double the speed at which it opens hotels around the world. The shares of the organization enjoyed a massive 40 per cent rise since Hilton announced plans to expand Ladbrokes, into internet betting. The online betting becomes interesting to investors, even though its hotel business accounts f or more than two thirds of the group’s profits. (Lindsay City, 2000) The present crave for internet betting has made the organization take its turn in partaking in the business.Turnover of the Hilton in 2000 slipped to 4. 23 billion pounds from 4. 68 billion pounds, mostly as a result of selling off the Corals betting shop chain. The hotel division, bolstered by Stakis, saw profits rise from 181 million pounds to 264 million pounds. In year 2003, the Hilton International sees the increase in its revenue. Hilton reported a pretax profit before exceptional and goodwill for the first half, of 110. 5 million pounds, down from 130 million pounds the previous year.Hilton plans to open 17 new hotels in 2003, with most of them incorporating either management contracts or franchises, and will continue to open around 20 each year going forward. HILTON INTERNATIONAL POTENTIELS FOR SUCCESS OVER THE NEXT FIVE YEARS. The historical and present operations of the Hilton International have sh own that the organization strategy is a strong base for its success in years to come. Total Quality Management as a management tool is used by the organization to continue to win its customers’ patronage.The strategy sees that customers are given the best standard quality of services. This business strategy has made the Hilton International to win the UK National Business awards for 2004 and 2005. The Hilton Business strategy, as discussed earlier on, has a creative marketing agency, campaign works which help in supporting industry and customer research, innovative internal and external marketing tools that communicate and delivers brand strategy throughout the organization and to the customer. This is in practice in the organization.Also, the divers and expanding business operations of the Hilton International would make the organization to continue to succeed. Even, if one or more business unit of the Multi Corporation experiences a d own ebbs in its operational level, othe r chains and units that is successful would keep the organization going. As already discussed the Hilton International operates a university where its manpower are trained and equipped with the professional skill in delivering standard services to its customers.In this instance, the practice of Strategic Human Resource Management is put in place, where the workforce of the organization are integrated into the strategic operation of the corporation, in order to attain the organization’s objectives and long term goals. This practice tends to bring the achievement of best results, and thereby making the Hilton International organization to succeed over the next five years to come and more.

buy custom Evidence-Based Practice in Teaching BSN Students

buy custom Evidence-Based Practice in Teaching BSN Students Faculty Awareness about Evidence-Based Practice General Definition of Statement Evidence-based practice (EBP) has a varied definition in nursing practice, but according to Prior, Wilkinson, and Neville (2010) it generally means the integration of the best research evidence compounded with clinical expertise and patient values in the society. On the other hand, Van Schoonhoven defines the concept as the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of the best current evidence which is available in the decision-making process. The decisions made should be applicable to the individual patients; above all the optimality of the evidences is core (Herdman NANDA international, 2011). Evidence-based learning process depicts that learning is a form of partnership whereby the faculty, the patients and the students interact. The role of the faculty or instructors is to assist the learners in the clarification of some of the concepts, problem identification and solving as well as the development of personal strengths that are necessary for competence in the nursing practice ( Lippincott Wilkins, 2009).

Free Essays on Santeria

CUBAN SANTERIA Santeria, which literally means, ‘way of the saints’, originated in Cuba. Santeria is considered an Afro-Cuban religion. It has roots in Africa, specifically the Yoruba people in southwestern Nigeria. When Africans were brought to the New World as slaves, they brought with them their Yoruba religious traditions (Nunez: 3). Slave owners forced them to give up their beliefs and convert to Christianity. However, the slaves persisted and found a way to hide their beliefs with the introduction of Catholicism in Cuba in 1517. They disguised their deities behind the images of Catholic saints so it would seem that they were praying to the saints, but were actually praying to their gods. The secrecy of practicing rites, prayers, and rituals has then become inherent in Santeria. Beliefs in honouring ancestors and the deities and living in balance with the forces of nature are parts of Santeria principles. Santeria is a syncretic religion born from the fusion of Catholic ism and Yoruba religion. In Santeria, the saints and the corresponding orishas are one and the same. Although it contains elements of both religions, Santeria is very different from either one that it is considered a separate religion with its own identity and indigenous to Cuba. Throughout time, the religion has spread into different parts of the world and has faced a few challenges, but still remains consistent because of its adaptive nature. WORSHIP ASHE Ashe is raw cosmic energy or a vital force. Literally, it means, â€Å"so be it† (Gonzalez-Wippler 1989: 5). It is the divine power that Oloddumare (God) used to create the universe. All ashe is directed to Oloddumare. Ashe is a generative power inherent in all things (Mason: 123). Ashe is the sustenance of life. All invocations, rituals, offerings, ceremonies, prayers, and magic are performed to receive ashe from the saints (Gonzalez-Wippler 1989: 5). The universe is moved by ashe.... Free Essays on Santeria Free Essays on Santeria CUBAN SANTERIA Santeria, which literally means, ‘way of the saints’, originated in Cuba. Santeria is considered an Afro-Cuban religion. It has roots in Africa, specifically the Yoruba people in southwestern Nigeria. When Africans were brought to the New World as slaves, they brought with them their Yoruba religious traditions (Nunez: 3). Slave owners forced them to give up their beliefs and convert to Christianity. However, the slaves persisted and found a way to hide their beliefs with the introduction of Catholicism in Cuba in 1517. They disguised their deities behind the images of Catholic saints so it would seem that they were praying to the saints, but were actually praying to their gods. The secrecy of practicing rites, prayers, and rituals has then become inherent in Santeria. Beliefs in honouring ancestors and the deities and living in balance with the forces of nature are parts of Santeria principles. Santeria is a syncretic religion born from the fusion of Catholic ism and Yoruba religion. In Santeria, the saints and the corresponding orishas are one and the same. Although it contains elements of both religions, Santeria is very different from either one that it is considered a separate religion with its own identity and indigenous to Cuba. Throughout time, the religion has spread into different parts of the world and has faced a few challenges, but still remains consistent because of its adaptive nature. WORSHIP ASHE Ashe is raw cosmic energy or a vital force. Literally, it means, â€Å"so be it† (Gonzalez-Wippler 1989: 5). It is the divine power that Oloddumare (God) used to create the universe. All ashe is directed to Oloddumare. Ashe is a generative power inherent in all things (Mason: 123). Ashe is the sustenance of life. All invocations, rituals, offerings, ceremonies, prayers, and magic are performed to receive ashe from the saints (Gonzalez-Wippler 1989: 5). The universe is moved by ashe....

The Essay Experts Top 10 List of Career and Fun for 2017

The Essay Experts Top 10 List of Career and Fun for 2017 Every year, I look forward to putting together my Top 10 List of Lists. I get to scroll through the year and remind myself of some of the interesting articles, blogs, and just plain fun stuff that captures my attention as soon as I start reading. Here are some lists you might want to visit as you prepare for a job search and a successful career in 2018 – and some that are pure entertainment, at least for me. My  Top 10 List For Career Job Trends Resume and job search trends that will dominate in 2018. The top two items on this list are near and dear to my heart: Professionally prepared resumes, which reduce typos and make you stand out, and the increasing emphasis on personality. One of my favorite webinars to present is â€Å"How to Put Personality into Your LinkedIn Profile,† and seeing this item on a top trends list confirms the importance of the topic. Culture fit will ultimately be what gets you hired. Top 10 Best Job Websites. I had this one on my list last year and I’m keeping it here in its updated form. You’ll find a mix of traditional job boards and sites that match you with employers, as well as places like Glassdoor.com that provide useful industry research. LinkedIn remains solidly on the list, of course! Job Trends for 2018. LinkedIn features prominently on this list as well. Plus read about the growing use of personality tests and social media checks, as well as efforts to reduce bias in hiring. Blind recruitment shows promise as a way to increase diversity and decrease the workplace gender gap! Plus, learn how critical the first 90 seconds of your interview is in influencing a hiring decision. 10 Workplace Trends You’ll See In 2018. I like this list especially because of the #1 item, â€Å"Leaders encourage more human interaction.† How great is that! Companies are recognizing the importance of relationship more and more. They are taking steps like designing workspaces that encourage interpersonal interaction, and cutting back on telecommuting in favor of phone calls, video conferencing, and in-person meetings. I also like   #5, â€Å"Financial and mental wellness get prioritized.† Many companies are providing loan repayment assistance to ease their employees’ financial burdens, and HR is acknowledging the value of â€Å"mental health days† and easily accessible mental health services. 10 Career Resolutions for the new year. This list encompasses directly career-related items and also self-care and self-improvement. All of these are so intertwined and so important. For Fun Top 10 Videos of 2017.  Some of the videos here are mind-blowing. You will definitely want to view the Iceland one on full screen! Enjoy the stunning sights and sounds. I know I did! The Voice: All 11 Coaches Ranked From Best to Worst. How does Blake do it? His team members win the show way too often for there to be any coincidence here. Why would anyone pick a different coach, other than that they hope to get stolen by Blake? Okay yes, I’m obsessed with this show. The Bachelor and Bachelorette Couples: Who Made Their Love Last?  The Bachelor Nation doesn’t have a great track record of lasting relationships, but a significant few have made it past the fantasy world. If you’re a hopeless romantic like I am, you might enjoy this list. 10 Shocking Things You Can Legally Send in the Mail. I was fairly shocked to learn that there was a time when children were mailed to grandma for a visit. And this is just one of the things on the â€Å"mailing list† that raised my eyebrows. Maybe you’ll come up with an idea for a holiday gift here. Happy reading! 10 of the Most Anticipated Books Out in 2018. From Brave by Rose McGowan, about her life and role in the Harvey Weinstein scandal, to The Monk of Mokha by Dave Eggers, a true story about a Yemeni-American dedicated to coffee in the midst of his country’s 2015 civil war, to many more writings about survival, resilience, ambition and creativity, these books are not to be missed. I hope you enjoy exploring my recommendations. What are your favorite lists looking back on 2017 or forward to 2018? Please share! And if youre looking to take your career to the next level in 2018, Id love to help. Send me your resume and LinkedIn profile URL and Ill be happy to suggest the  resume writing and/or  LinkedIn profile writing service that will get the best results for you!

Multinational Companies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Multinational Companies - Essay Example The two companies equally believe in being socially, ethically as well as environmentally responsible and accept their duty towards the society, making every effort on their part, to come up with safe products which contribute towards creating prosperity and opportunity for the global citizens. It is not unusual to find out that customers are considered to be the most valued stakeholder by both the companies. Samsung as well as GE strive to deliver first-rate products and services to their customers, while focusing on integrity and excellence simultaneously. Another vital similarity that exists between the companies is with regard to innovation and change. Samsung, with its innovative products ranging from camcorders to refrigerators, considers innovation to be extremely critical for a company’s survival in today’s fast-paced world. On the other hand, GE too, with its vast array of innovations in light bulbs to aircraft engines, has always believed in innovation to be a major factor for a company’s growth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Apart from the similarities, there exist certain definite differences between the two Multinational Corporations. Though both the companies believe in workforce diversity and in hiring the best talent from across the world, GE is more all-encompassing in its view on diversity. GE not only believes in diversity on the basis of nationalities but it also considers diversity on the basis of class, gender, race and community as equally important. As stated in (GE, 2012), GE commits itself to support the Gay, Lesbian.

Starbucks International Operations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Starbucks International Operations - Essay Example Sweden is an affluent European nation that is a part of the European Union, Bulgaria is an East European nation that has a much lower per capita income and is not yet a member of the European Union, although it is provisionally set to become one in 2007, while Nigeria is an African nation that is the poorest among the three countries. This Report will select one of these countries as potentially the best country that Starbucks could consider entering and then outline an entry proposal strategy that Starbucks could apply in order to derive the best benefits from that potential market. In terms of worldwide coffee consumption, Scandinavian countries (Finland, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway) â€Å"continue to be the areas with the highest consumption (Reporter, 2007). For this reason, Sweden offers enormous potential for Starbucks coffee because it is one of the highest per capita coffee consuming countries in the world, which is estimated at 10 kilos for an 8 million population. (McCabe, 1994). According to Datamonitor reports, the Scandinavians are coffee fiends and the average Dane drank his/her way through 7.5 kilos of coffee in 2002, which is about 75 regular sized cups of coffee (www.beveragedaily.com). Sweden follows this trend closely and one of the reasons that have been put forward for high consumption of hot coffee is the cold weather in the country. Additionally, the Datamonitor report states that this trend could â€Å"partly be explained by high alcohol prices – these mean caffeine can be a far more cost-effective way of getting wired than drinking† since coffee is also much cheaper (www.beveragedaily.com). However, there is one aspect that must be taken into consideration in countries such as Sweden, which is established coffee drinkers such as France and Italy.

The different negotiation styles between U.S. and Sweden Research Paper

The different negotiation styles between U.S. and Sweden - Research Paper Example   The business environment in Sweden and U.S. is completely different as analyzed by PEST analysis. According to AMB Country Report (2010), Sweden has very low economic risk, political risk and financial risk. Political conditions in Sweden are very stable for doing business. For example, although Sweden is a member of European Union, however, it has not joined European Exchange Rate Mechanism because political parties argue that Euro cannot be adopted without the public referendum (AMB Country Risk Report, 2010). With a population of 9 million in 2010, annual GDP growth rate of 4.5 percent in 2010, inflation rate of 1.4 percent and abundant of natural resources of forests, timber, arsenic, copper, gold, silver, zinc, tungsten, hydroelectric power, iron, uranium, feldspar and arsenic, Sweden offers ideal economic conditions to conduct business (Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs, 2010). Swedish people have direct communication style; however, they are usually quiet, reserve an d shy. Moreover, they prefer working in flat hierarchical organizational structures with informal working conditions and authority at all hierarchical levels (Communicaid, 2009). Technological developments and innovation in Sweden provide a highly competitive business environment. According to Global Information Technology Report 2009-2010, Sweden is the highest scorer in Information and Communication Technology (Hennigan, 2010). Companies operating in U.S. are more exposed to political risks because of high government interference.   ... According to Global Information Technology Report 2009-2010, Sweden is the highest scorer in Information and Communication Technology (Hennigan, 2010). Companies operating in U.S. are more exposed to political risks because of high government interference. Early U.S. leaders believed in Laissez-faire concept which opposes government interference except to sustain law and order and the new leads are seeking to develop close ties between business and government (U.S. Department of State). U.S. is a developed state with 9.65 million population in 2010, GDP growth of 3.5 percent in 2009 and highly developed manufacturing and service sector (U.S. Department of State, 2010). People in U.S. are very excited and adventurous towards their tasks and they prefer working individually rather than teams (LMSCO, 2004). Technological conditions in U.S. are very favorable for businesses and it is evident from the fact that U.S. has been rated on number 2 in the last of top ten innovation driven econo mies (Virki, 2010). Negotiation styles vary based on culture. According to Hofstede, negotiators in the national cultures with high power distance are more comfortable with hierarchical structures, transparent authority figures and in an environment where the right to use power with discretion is preferred. On the other hand, negotiators in the national cultures with low power distance are more comfortable with flat hierarchies and democratic structures, shared authority and in the environment where the right to use power is limited to certain circumstances (LeBaron). The negotiation styles of U.S. and Swedish negotiators vary because American negotiators are aggressive, strong and have a formal

Introduction To Undergraduate Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Introduction To Undergraduate Study - Essay Example In finding an understanding of this work, the way in which society now views the female form and how it is commercialized for the purposes of selling fashion can be realized. According to Bate (2003: 22), surrealism is â€Å"semiotically speaking, a signifying effect, the confusion or a contradiction in a conventional signifier - signified relations in representations and where a meaning is partially hidden, where the message appears enigmatic regardless of how it was produced†. The art of surrealistic photography is found where the imagery reveals something more than what is visually available, where the form provides a clue to the intent, rather than a specific and defined point of reference. The singular importance, simplified in order to provide a point of further discussion, within the photographic art that Man Ray created is in manipulation. Through creating the concept of manipulation in order to create surrealistic work, Man Ray began discoveries that would revolutionize many aspects of the medium of photography. One of the significant ways in which Man Ray created innovation was in the process of development so that different effects could be achieved. According to Miller (1996: 75), every error was an opportunity for greater innovation. The process of solarization was developed through a laboratory accident. The great numbers of innovations that he created were then very generously shared within the photography world, thus furthering the advancement of the medium. Man Ray had no respect for his equipment and did not hold to the idea that expensive equipment changed his process for the better. He believed in using what he had to make the commentary that he desires, thus promoting creativity in his process. However, it is the manipulation of the form that had the greatest impact on fashion photography. Man Ray developed a way of elongating the female form, creating a more idealized look. Through techniques that manipulated the image, he created

American women history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American women history - Essay Example â€Å"Women are seen to have always had a rather influential role in determining the general growth and prosperity of the communities in which they happen to live in† (Taylor and Moore, 2008). Colonial North America is seen to have had two major groups of women, these are the women of European decent and the Native Indian women. These two different groups of women are seen to come from extremely different backgrounds and were affected in diverse ways by the change in gender roles. During the 16th century, European women are seen to have had very specific roles. These traditional roles primarily entailed the weaving of clothes, the preparation and serving of food and the education and raising of children. However, when colonial North American settlers first came to the New World, they were greatly appalled to discover that the Native Indian women were the ones who had been assigned all of what was considered to be manual and traditional labor according to their European standar ds. The native Indian women were responsible for the rearing of their children, conducting all the various works in and around their houses, the creation of pottery and the preparation of food while the Native Indian men were seen to be enjoying themselves by going on fishing and hunting expeditions, and the building of homes for their families. To the women European settlers, all these activities conducted by women were essentially activities that were conducted by the European noble class as leisure activities.

Introduction To Undergraduate Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Introduction To Undergraduate Study - Essay Example In finding an understanding of this work, the way in which society now views the female form and how it is commercialized for the purposes of selling fashion can be realized. According to Bate (2003: 22), surrealism is â€Å"semiotically speaking, a signifying effect, the confusion or a contradiction in a conventional signifier - signified relations in representations and where a meaning is partially hidden, where the message appears enigmatic regardless of how it was produced†. The art of surrealistic photography is found where the imagery reveals something more than what is visually available, where the form provides a clue to the intent, rather than a specific and defined point of reference. The singular importance, simplified in order to provide a point of further discussion, within the photographic art that Man Ray created is in manipulation. Through creating the concept of manipulation in order to create surrealistic work, Man Ray began discoveries that would revolutionize many aspects of the medium of photography. One of the significant ways in which Man Ray created innovation was in the process of development so that different effects could be achieved. According to Miller (1996: 75), every error was an opportunity for greater innovation. The process of solarization was developed through a laboratory accident. The great numbers of innovations that he created were then very generously shared within the photography world, thus furthering the advancement of the medium. Man Ray had no respect for his equipment and did not hold to the idea that expensive equipment changed his process for the better. He believed in using what he had to make the commentary that he desires, thus promoting creativity in his process. However, it is the manipulation of the form that had the greatest impact on fashion photography. Man Ray developed a way of elongating the female form, creating a more idealized look. Through techniques that manipulated the image, he created

MacDonald Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

MacDonald - Essay Example India has been chosen as the host country. The project tries to bring out the impacts cultural differences existing between India and USA has on the decision making, communication, leadership, teamwork and human resources in organizations. The company is known for its respect for culture of the place where is operates. The company has even developed a menu especially for India. This has been done with special emphasis on Indian culture and tastes. Culture consciousness of the company reflects from the fact that India is the only first nation in the world where the company does not offer pork or beef items. In fact MacDonald even had to re-engineer its operations in order to serve the requirements of the vegetarians of the country. The company ensures that the vegetable items are prepared separately using separate utensils and equipments. Separate preparation of vegetarian and non vegetarian items is maintained throughout all stages of procuring, cooking and serving (MacDonalds India, 2009, p.1). This reflects company’s respect for local culture where it operates. This tradition can be attributed to its popularity and success. Apart from abiding by the local cultures and traditions, the company is also said to e nhance their corporate responsibities. It provides employment opportunities to the Indian people and also provides bright career growth for them (MacDonalds India, 2009, p.1). Hofstede’s analysis has revealed that national cultures differ along four different dimensions. Power distance is the first among these. Power distance refers to the fact that each one in society has unequal power. In cultures characterised with high power distance people accept hierarchical organisational structures readily. In such cultures, power disparities exist among people as well. In such countries power remains in the hands of a few people only. On the contrary, cultures with low power distance have greater equality of power among people. Uncertainty

Values and ethics associated with sport Essay Example for Free

Values and ethics associated with sport Essay An explanation as to the importance of ethics and values for sporting organisation and the individuals who participate  Individual and group development has a lot to do with the ethics and values that are learnt through life. Ethics and values are important for individuals who take part in sport because sport plays a major role in a lot of peoples lives from an early age. Players and fans that are into sport tend to devote a lot of time and effort to their favourite sport. If you look into the nature of fairplay in sport for some people it leads to their understanding of fairness in a wider social setting, this is because many of our basic values, such as playing fairly are often absorbed through athletic competition because when kids are taught about sports emphasis is often put on playing fair. The underlying importance of this is that if an individual or group do not develop a proper set of ethics and values it will make them and their club look bad. An example is a player like Roy Keane who admitted in his autobiography that he broke a fellow footballers leg simply because he wanted to. From this I can understand that Roy Keane did not grow up with the same sort of values that I did. He didnt get it hammered into him when he was young that breaking someones leg isnt part and parcel of the sport. This also reflects a bad image on the club and if my memory serves me right Manchester United round about that time were considered quite a dirty club. No proud owner of a club really wants their club to be known as an aggressive bunch of cheats. It is nobler to be like Chelsea who last year not only won the Premiership but the fairplay award as well which if you look at it really makes you think yeah they are true champions because they won it fairly. You could argue that they spent 100 million pounds to win the league but they still did it fairly more so than any other team in the land and I and hopefully many other football fans respect them for it. From a strong commitment to ethics and values players can achieve likeability and move onto more successful jobs. An example is Gary Linekar he never received a yellow card in his whole life ans he has since taken over from the legendary Des Lynam as the Match of the Day host. Players with bad reputations that are openly disliked by the majority of fans are unlikely to move onto other limelight jobs when their career over as well as simply being disliked by the general public. When these players careers are over they still have to do the shopping, go out to eat etc. When they go out into the public people are going to have an opinion of them based on the ethics and values that they have shown on the field of play. Who wants to be openly disliked?  Clubs have a good public image to gain from having a strong commitment to ethics and values and all good businesses know that a good public image means more money. A consequence of bad ethics and values could be related to athletics. Probably the most talked about ethic in sport is the prohibition of using performance enhancing drugs in athletics. A lot of people do wonder what justifies this prohibition because why shouldnt athletes, especially competent adult athletes be free to take risks with their bodies? The answer to this comes down to ethics and morals most of us have about sport. This is an important rule because performance enhancing drugs such as steroids have very harmful side effects as well as providing an unfair advantage. It is important that a value such is this is instilled into athletes of all ages because really we would hope that all athletes would want to compete clean not only because they should want to see how good they can become without performance enhancing drugs but hopefully the integrity of the sport should be important to them as well. I remember I myself used to be a big fan of athletics back in the day of Linford Christie and Colin Jackson but over time I began to get tired when my heroes, the people I looked up to got stripped of their gold medals because they had cheated. Incidents like these put me off the sport and I no longer watch it, this is why it is important for individuals and organisations to have a strong set of ethics and values. Children look up to and aspire to be like a lot of the athletes that are on the TV these days and a poor showing of ethics and values by a well known professional sportsperson will surely be taken in and acknowledged as ok by many young athletes. Basically fans want to trust that an athletes accomplishments are achieved fairly. Consequences of bad ethics and values are that sportspersons integrity is totally lost, the sports integrity itself will go down and younger athletes may lose faith in wanting to be a professional. Coaches at all levels experience the pleasures of watching young people develop sport skills and contribute to successful teams. However, coaches also have important legal and ethical obligations to their athletes. Coaches need to ensure that a strong set of values are instilled right from the start of those of whom they are coaching playing days. Earlier on I described the consequences of a bad set of ethics for an individual. In my opinion a coach with a bad set ethics is far worse because it is just not him or her who looks bad it is the people he/she is influencing as well. First of the importance of a proper coaching is the influential factor. This doesnt just apply to children but to adults as well. The problem these days is that winning is everything and some coaches do actually teach that. Various coaches at the top level send their players out to win a match through diving, time wasting and fouling opposition players. So adults can be influenced as well and so can kids who are learning in much the same way that winning is everything. It is imperative that a coach instils values and ethics into a child as early as possible so that they are not so easily swayed into cheating as they get older. This once again helps keeps intact the integrity of the player, the club the play for and the sport. The benefit these players will have are that they can become an upstanding member of the public a role model that players can look up to sort of like a David Beckham figure (bad example). Consequences are that from a young age players are conditioned into thinking that winning is everything and this can spill over into real life. A sports player may cheat on a maths test or lie to get a girlfriend because the values that they learnt through their coaching apply to their real life situations. Coaches need to be a positive role model and penalise unfair play! An example I can remember when this was not done was in the final of the 1999 womens world cup. The American womens football team completed regulation and extra time play against china with the score drawn. The championship, viewed through the world by millions of fans, many of them young American girls captivated by the success of the American women, was to be settled by a penalty shootout. The coach had decided one of the Chinese shooters, Liu Ying, lacked confidence so said something to the American goalkeeper, Briana Scurry. When Ying made her move, Scurry took two quick steps forward, in violation of a rule of football, to cut off Yings shooting angle. The tactic worked. Scurry deflected Yings shot and the Americans won. As for as Im concerned Scurry acted unfairly and cheated by violating a rule on her coaches advice. It set a bad example to all the aspiring young American women and for me and many other people that watched, the American victory was tainted by unethical behaviour in a deliberate violation of the rules. I see that as a major consequence of bad ethics taught and it is still happening all over the world in other sports such as boxing where fighters have cheated in a multitude of ways through their cornermen. To be honest a lot of the people that cheat in sport through advice of their coaches are remembered only for their win and not for the cheating but there are many people still out their who view these sportspeople and the people that coached them as cheats and they have to live that for the rest of their lives. The main value statements that need to be learnt in order to obtain an NVQ in sport and recreations are that people shouldnt be discriminated against based on their age, gender, ethnic origin or if they are disabled.The reason that these value statements are in place is because in this day and age there is still a lot of prejudice in the world. Prejudice cant be afforded in competitive sport or the sports industry. Sport in reality is supposed to be all about enjoyment and achievement and shouldnt in anyway be anything to do with a disability, age or colour of someones skin. The benefits of the individuals who learn these value statements and take them in are that they will influence people to shed their differences and help understand other peoples needs and this will help to draw different types of people together. Basically differences can be buried by sport if people learn these statements then apply them to the sporting organisations they work in. An example is that they could encourage different race teams or mixed age teams or include people with disabilities. Most of the football teams that we support today have a mix of nationalities. The small minority of supporters that are racist tend to support the ethnics in their own team with the same love shown to the people in their team that are the same races as them. This shows that sport can bring people together at the highest level which means that it can be filtered down to lower levels like people working in leisure centres or small clubs. With regards to age sport and sports facilities should cater for all ages. Just because someone becomes older does not mean that they lose there ability or desire to play sport. Old people should be valued equally when they go to a leisure centre its not that they want to do a swimming lap in twenty seconds they just want to enjoy themselves and be involved. Older people might look old but some dont feel old and contribute their knowledge and experience to those that are younger. The benefits of understanding the older people in the community are that it open doors and gives opportunities for special events such as swimming for the elderly or special classes. Old people dont want to feel inferior or isolated and if sporting organisations can help and understand them by arranging and encouraging activities for them to take part in it can only improve the organisations overall/community image.

Analysis of Alcohol Advertising in the UK

Analysis of Alcohol Advertising in the UK Advertising for the UK alcoholic sector has gained far stricter guidelines and regulations over the last few decades. Do you agree that the advertising of alcohol should be restricted to such an extent and how far do you believe any governments should be able to control advertising? Introduction According to this essay, the controling in alcoholic advertising by government will be examined. In past few years, the alcoholic advertising became more and more stricter in Britain, also the government had been established more guidelines and regulations. The essay will be divided into three main parts. First, the background of advertisig of UK should be introduced. Second, the arguments for the government should or shouldn’t be restricted will be discussed, it will be explained that why the alcoholic advertising should be constrained. Then, how much should the government be involved in advertising will be suggested, and the reasons of any governments should try them best to control some types of advertising will be listed. Main Body And these actions may bring about intense reactions in society of UK, some groups like alcohol manufacturers and alcohol beverage sellers will disagree the release of these regulations and guidelines. But most people agree that the advertising of alcoholic beverage should be restrained. First of all, the background of advertisement of UK should be introduced, it can be divided into many types, including TV advertisements, radio advertisements, advertisements on newspapers or journals and so on. As for the supervision of advertisements, it includes the Broadcast Advertising Clearance Centre(BACC), TV operators and Advertising Standards Authority(ASA). And in TV ads in UK, alcohol products advertising occupy the quite large percent, so there are so many rules to restrict those ads, for instance, the new ads rules clearly indicate that the alcohol ads can not have the contents of seducing youngsters to drink alcohol or alcohol abuse, and those ads which have connection with alcohol and sex also should be forbidden. And these such restrict rules continue to expand space, and Code of Advertising Standards of Behaviour points out that those young sports celebrities, pets and even cartoon characters should not be in the ads of alcohol beverages.(Leng, 2005). Every coin has it two sides. Some people think government shouldn’t be restricted in advertising, likes some groups or corporations, which involve in the relevant alcohol beverages manufacturing and selling activities, because these rules and regulations will make them lose profits. But most of people agree with that the culture of drinking in UK is ingrained. Too much alcoholic advertising would result in cut-throat competition. There has a long history about the tradition of drinking culture, and pubs can be seen everywhere. The popularity of social media even promote the intrusive of alcoholic advertisements, nowdays, the advertisement plays an significant roles in many aspects in our lives, it effects the consumer psychology, which could stimulate consumers to purchase their products through these advertisements, especially those young people are impulsive, they can be easily seduced to purchase products like alcoholic beverage. The children about 10 and 11-year-olds are m ore likely to recognize Carlsberg lager than Ben Jerrys ice cream, and theyre more familiar with fictional characters in a Fosters beer commercial than with those from an ad for Cadbury chocolate. Alcohol is linked to a 25% increase in liver deaths in the past decade, and binge-drinking has become a problem for the middle-aged and middle-class as well as for out-of-control youth (HALL and EMMA, 2012). In a report on the governments alcohol strategy, the MPs said wider measures could be implemented in Britain that would ban all alcohol advertising on television, in cinemas and of sports events. (Rebecca Smith, 2012) the alcohol will bring more damage to mental and physical of human being, especially the behaviour of alcohol abuse will have great impact on people and the social security also will become more unstable. according to the statement of British Home Secretary Theresa May, taxpayers have to pay 21 billions pounds for drunkenness hazard a year, and one of the main reasons of that is the ads of alcohol beverage (, 2014). Henry Ashworth, Chief Executive of the Portman Group, said: UK drinks producers and retailers have a strong track record in delivering programmes of voluntary activity to support government in tackling anti-social behaviour caused by alcohol misuse. These can help avoid any cut-throat competition. Obviously, according to the trend of the times and the desire of the people, the alcohol beverage advertising will be restricted far, and more rules and regulations will be issued to restrained that. As to whether any government should be able to control the advertising, the answer is â€Å"yes† to some extent, and it should depend on the particular industry advertising, for instance, the tobacco and alcohol industries advertising which could trigger the bad effects to the society should be banned or restricted, and government should establish more detailed rules and regulations to constrain the illegal or inappropriate contents of advertising. And as to the fast development of economy and technology, the types of advertising become more diversification, like TV shopping. As the background of UK advertising supervision structure mentioned before, it is good example for other countries, especially for China, because it has three institutions to supervise the advertising, respectively are revising, improving â€Å"The Independent Television Commission standards of conduct for the advertising industry guidelines†, and then BACC will examine the advertising copy, after the broadcast of advertising, Advertising Standards Authority will monitor the reaction of society, deciding whether it should be off the air or not. For instance, as to China, because the lack of advertising monitoring system, leading to current situation of advertising which is disorder competition, there are some suggestions, the first is that developing the standards of advertising enterprises qualification, and second is that developing standards of advertising employees qualification. On the whole, China should strengthen the macro-control of the advertising industry, creating more healthy, harmony and sustainable environment of advertising. (Bi, 2010) Conclusion To sum up, the British have traditional drinking habits, which can bring more disadvantages, such as unsafe living condition and alcohol is bad for healthy. Any government should control the some types of advertising industry, which is bad for our bodies or bring terrible influence, and also promote some types of advertising, which could improve the international competitiveness and enhance the culture connotation. Given this, it can be concluded that this essay has shown the opinion about government in UK should restrict to the alcoholic advertising, any government should control the advertising industry appropriately. Reference: Advertising Age. /2012, Vol. 83 Issue 17, p9-9. 1/2p. HALL, EMMA SOBERING UP THE U.K. PROVES DIFFICULT. Alcohol Alcohol. 2009 May-Jun;44(3):229-43. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agn115. Epub 2009 Jan 14. Impact of alcohol advertising and media exposure on adolescent alcohol use: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Anderson P1, de Bruijn A, Angus K, Gordon R, Hastings G. Eur J Public Health. 2014 Aug;24(4):561-5. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cku060. Epub 2014 May 21. Youth exposure to alcohol advertising on television in the UK, the Netherlands and Germany. Patil S1, Winpenny EM1, Elliott MN2, Rohr C1, Nolte E3. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/healthnews/9408380/Ban-on-alcohol-adverts-should-be-considered-MPs.html By Rebecca Smith, Medical Editor 7:00AM BST 19 Jul 2012 Ban on alcohol adverts should be considered: MPs Health Committee The Governments Alcohol StrategyWritten evidence from The Advertising Association (GAS 52) 2012 http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201213/cmselect/cmhealth/132/132vw50.htm Alcohol industry takes action to tackle irresponsible drinking From: Home Office, Department of Health, The Rt Hon Norman Baker MP, Jane Ellison MP, The Rt Hon Jeremy Hunt MP and The Rt Hon Theresa May MP History: Published 8 July 2014 Part of: Reducing harmful drinking, Controlling the sale and supply of alcohol,Crime and policing, National Health Service and Public health Bi, B. (2010), What should the Government do for China’s advertising industry, [online] Available at: http://business.sohu.com/20060704/n244085921.shtml> [ Accessed 22nd July 2014]

Distinguishing Between Good and Bad Fats in the Human Diet Essay

Contrary to public belief, not all fats that we consume are bad. Similar to our lesson in complex carbohydrates and added sugars, the key is to be able to distinguish the â€Å"good† from the â€Å"bad,† as well as to learn ways to select leaner food products more wisely and to moderate our total daily fat intake. The fats that are considered â€Å"bad† are the saturated and trans-fatty acids, which are both associated with raising LDL cholesterol (Whitney & Rolfes, 2005, pg 159). An elevated level of LDL cholesterol is linked with artherosclerosis, a plaque formation in arterial walls that causes stiffening and the loss of elasticity in their smooth muscle (Marieb & Hoehn, 2007, pg 980). Plaque formations not only pose increased risk for stroke and heart attack, but they also cause a narrowing of the blood flow through arterial vessels and raise blood pressure (Whitney & Rolfes, 2005, pg 159). In order to prevent the potential for such a trickle down, domino effect towards increasing one’s likelihood for cardiovascular disease, we can intentionally try to avoid intake of food sources that contain saturated fats, such as: whole milk, butter, cheese, fatty cuts of beef and pork, and tropical coconut and palm oils; in addition to products containing trans fats, including: vegetab le shortening, margarine, imitation cheese, and meat and dairy products (Whitney & Rolfes, 2005, pg 159). Baked goods, fried foods, and snack chips may also include trans-fats in their ingredients or cooking method. Considerable reduction, replacement, or complete omission of these â€Å"bad† fats from the diet could make a significant difference in preventing these deadly heart diseases. Conversely, the monounsaturated fats (in olive, canola and peanut oils; avocados) ... ...ds (McMurry, Castellion, & Ballantine, 2007, pg 748). At room temperature, saturated fats (i.e. lard, butter, bacon grease) solidify because their hydrocarbon chains are stable and can pack together (McMurry, Castellion, & Ballantine, 2007, pg 770). Plant-derived polyunsaturated fats (sunflower, safflower, soybean, and corn oils) are unstable and remain in liquid form at room temperature, because of the rigid kinks of the cis double bonds (McMurry, Castellion, & Ballantine, 2007, pg 752). The more double bonds that a polyunsaturated fat contains, the less it is able to bind together as a solid (McMurry, Castellion, & Ballantine, 2007, pg 752). Other than identifying foods having the â€Å"bad† saturated or trans-fats with safe food containing the beneficial â€Å"good fats,† the difference between the two ultimately is found within the molecular structures of fatty acids.

A Trace of James Fenimore Cooper :: Biography Biographies Essays

A Trace of James Fenimore Cooper      In 1828 James Fenimore Cooper spent three months in England, chiefly to conduct business with his British publisher, Richard Bentley, and for most of that time he lived in London at 33 St. James Place. This is the way he described it in Gleanings in Europe: England:    We finally took a small house in St. James's Place, a narrow inlet that    communicates with the street of the same name, and which is quite near the    palace and the parks. We had a tiny drawing-room, quite plainly furnished, a    dining-room, and three bed-rooms, with the use of the offices, &c. for a    guinea a-day. The people of the house cooked for us, went to market, and    attended to the rooms, while our own man and maid did the personal service. I    paid a shilling extra for each fire, and as we kept three, it came to another    guinea weekly. (20)    As Donald Ringe and Kenneth Skaggs point out in their "Historical Introduction" to England, St. James Place represented "a most desirable location" (xvii). It is close to the centers of political power in England--St. James Palace, Buckingham Palace, and #10 Downing Street are not far away. Cooper's neighbors on the street included William Wilberforce and Samuel Rogers, a genial and well-connected writer; Lord Spencer and Sir James Mackintosh lived nearby as well.    The 33 St. James Place of Cooper's time no longer exists, but I wanted to visit the site anyway, to try to get a feel for what it meant for him to live there. If you walk from Trafalger Square to St. James Street, you can go along The Mall or Pall Mall, wide streets flanked by the gigantic architecture of Imperial Britain. St. James Place opens across St. James Street from the Pall Mall; Christie's, the famous auction house, is on the corner opposite. At the south end of St. James Street stands St. James Palace, an imposing brick castle with

Preparing To Conduct Business Research Essay

Introduction In conducting business research for the NFL organization instruments to collect data and conduct interviews will need to be used. The appropriate sampling and research methods will also be discussed for this research process. The NFL organization will see great benefits from conducting this research to reach the right conclusions about the problems they are facing as of late with their players violating the league’s personal conduct and substance abuse policies (â€Å"2014 NFL Fines/suspensions Tracker†, 2014). Their players have also been a part of many domestic violence arrests. (Morris, 2014). Sampling/Research Methods For this particular research, this study will require purposive sampling. The participants will have to be chosen arbitrarily for their unique characteristics, experiences, attitudes, or perceptions. Then as conceptual or theoretical categories of participants develop during the interview process, new participants will be sought out to challenge emerging patterns (Cooper & Schindler, 2014). The first two groups will have to be NFL players who have a history of being involved in personal conduct and substance abuse violations, and those who do not. Individual interviews will have to be conducted face to face during the player’s practices or other down time they may have. If they choose to participate in the study, individual interviews will allow each player to feel more comfortable sharing truthful information about themselves and their possible involvement in personal conduct and substance abuse violations. The interviews will be semi-structured in nature because semi-structured interviews develop a dialog between interviewer and participant, and use the skill of the interviewer to extract more data and a greater variety of data, and can achieve greater clarity and elaboration of  the participant’s answers (Cooper & Schindler, 2014). Instruments to Use to Collect Qualitative Information The instrument that will be used to collect this qualitative information will be survey via personal interview. This is because the depth and detail of information that can be secured is greater. The interviewer has the ability to improve the quality of information collected with this technique over any other methods. This is because the interviewer has the ability to observe the participants and see if they are having a hard time understanding questions and make it so that the participants can relate to them and feel more comfortable overall responding to them considering the nature of the questions that the NFL players will be answering (Cooper & Schindler, 2014). Appropriate Sample Method The appropriate sample method for this research is a probability sampling because personal records of the players are already on file and they can choose narrow down the candidates for the survey to determine the best ones. Although with all the care taken for the survey â€Å"some people will refuse to participate† (Cooper & Schindler, 2014). Due to players refusing to participate â€Å"sampling error is likely to rise† and the researchers would take that into account when determining the sample method (Cooper & Schindler, 2014). Sampling Frame The sampling frame that would be used for this research study would be drawn from the roosters of the current players that are currently held by the coaches. To increase the sampling group this would also include previous players that had been involved with the league (Cooper & Schindler, 2014). The researchers would pull from a â€Å"larger population and then use a screening procedure to eliminate those who are not members of the group† that the team wishes to study (Cooper & Schindler, 2014). Players have been accused of the infraction in the past or currently have a case pending will not be included in the survey. The players will be assigned numbers and chosen at random to be surveyed. Appropriate Sampling Size â€Å"How large a sample should be is a function of the variation in the  population parameters under study and the estimating precision needed by the researcher† (Cooper & Schindler, 2014). Due to the variance that could arise within the population the sample of the research would need to be larger to account for the variance (Cooper & Schindler, 2014). The sampling size will also be large due to the smaller error range needed to determine the punishments for the players that commit break the player code of conduct set by the league. Cost considerations would not affect the size of the sampling because the current and former players will not be compensated for their survey. Sample Size The sample size regarding this particular experiment will be determined as followed: the first sample group will be NFL players known for having a history in being involved in personal conduct and substance abuse violations and the second sample group will be NFL players who do not have a history in either of those regards. As of now in the 2014 season, 41 NFL players have been suspended for substance abuse or personal conduct that can be interviewed in the first group and the remaining 1,655 players to choose from in the second group (â€Å"2014 NFL Fines/suspensions Tracker†, 2014). Qualitative Methods Being Used The qualitative method being used in the experiment is survey by face-to-face interview. The benefit to a face-to-face interview is being able to observe and record nonverbal as well as verbal communication (Cooper & Schindler, 2014). It is believed that this method will produce the most honest, truthful data and in a study like this it is important to make your samples feel comfortable in opening up. Statistical Tests Being Used A powerful statistical test is recommended for this experiment. The number of players who have been suspended is too low, so it’s important to make sure the sample size will give enough data to make the experiment valid against the interviews done in the second group. Results and Conclusions The individuals that are in charge of gathering the data that is needed to create new policies for off-field incidences is going to make sure that they get everything they need to make new policies. They are going to want these  new policies to stay intact and not change every year. From the results, the NFL should be able to answer the original research question, â€Å"What should the off-field punishments be based on what the incident was?† In conclusion, the NFL was made aware that the policies for punishment of off-field incidences wasn’t strict enough. The NFL had to start by conduction interviews with players that were open to sharing information. The instrument that was used is qualitative information. The appropriate sample method for this research is a probability sampling because personal records of the players are already on file and they can choose narrow down the candidates for the survey to determine the best ones. Once all the information was gathered, the NFL was able to share the data by creating new policies for off-field incidences. References 2014 NFL Fines/Suspensions Tracker. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.spotrac.com/fines-tracker/nfl/2014/suspensions/ Cooper, D.R. & Schindler, P. S. (2014). Business research methods (12th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Morris, B. (2014, July 31). The Rate of Domestic Violence Arrests Among NFL Players. DataLab. Retrieved September 26, 2014, from http://fivethirtyeight.com/datalab/the-rate-of-domestic-violence-arrests-among-nfl-players/

Only the second part of the assignment needs to be done which is the final individual share portfolio review. The company is Tesco.

Introduction This report will conclude on the performance of Tesco Plc. over the previous 5-months. Performance will be based on the share-price performance, company reports as well as a comparison between J Sainsbury Plc, Morrison Plc and U.S rival Wal-mart. Major Headwinds RemainPrice CompetitionGiven the current environment, aggressive competition in the UK grocery market is the greatest headwind to continued growth. According to Kantar Worldpanel (2014) Tesco continues to lose market-share as aggressive competition from discount brands Aldi and Lidl pushes greater emphasis on Tesco’s marketing and price strategy to retain custom as both competitors plans major expansion plans in the coming years. To add, major price competition from the likes of ASDA and now Morrison’s is gaining momentum once again, (BBC Business, 2014) [Online]. Morrison’s’ aggressive plan to spend GBP1bn on cutting prices over three years will put pressure on Tesco and other supermarket operators to respond in order to protect market share. This could accelerate margin erosion across the sector in 2014 Morrison’s price cuts are likely to be funded by planned cost savings and potentially by accepting a lower margin, (Fitch Rating, 2014). They are more aggressive than the GBP1bn initiative Asda announced in November, which at the time was to be spread over five years. To limit the impact on margins, retailers will probably respond by accelerating cost cutting initiatives and investment in product ranges and store formats. Tesco has the strongest margin, but this has been shrinking for several years, (Financial Times, 2014) [Online]. It may now be pushed to rethink its pricing in order to defend market share, which has come under pressure as evidenced by weak 2013 Christmas trading. Furthermore, the above could dampen CAPEX plans for the coming years.Rise of DiscountersAs mentioned, the recent Kantar Worlpanel (2014) report cemented the rise of Aldi and Lidl; however recent reports from Tesco have attempted to downplay the threat, with little success. The CEO referred to them a s ‘niche’ players, (Tesco, 2013). However, these players control 45% of the affluent German market and are market leaders in several other large countries. We would not compare the effectiveness and the threat posed by Aldi in 2014 with that posed by Kwik Safe (disappeared) in the 1990s. It is not an informative chart in our view. CAPEX remains strongCAPEX guidance was cut to a maximum of ?2.5bn per annum, in line with market expectations. Tesco plans to cut new space additions in the UK to 700,000 sq ft in 2014/15 from 1.4mn in 2013/14. CAPEX is shifting from new space to maintenance. Having invested ?400mn in the UK Refresh programme in 2013/14, the company plans to invest ?500mn per annum in each of the next three years. This is close to ?2bn in total to complete the programme. The priority for next year is re-modelling the Extra format where the sales performance is the weakest, (Tesco, 2013).Online growth MixedA lot of focus, as expected, has been put on the increa sing movement online. With Morrison’s considering and online platform, while Waitrose moves in with more products and free delivery. Tesco announced it will reduce the fee it charges for home delivery and click & collect. While it is good that the company aims to be competitive, excessive cuts in the delivery charge would reduce margins and also incentivise the customer to order smaller quantities more frequently, making the economics a lot less attractive. The delivery charge is a tool used to distribute demand among the different time slots and days of the week. Tesco unveiled ?127Million of trading profit from online grocery (?2.5bn sales), (Tesco, 2013), suggesting a 5% margin. According to the company, all direct costs are fully charged, that is the cost of the pickers and the delivery, (Tesco, 2013). This would not include things such as store depreciation, store energy costs, rates etc. Given this, on estimated 25Million annual orders of ?100 each, the delivery fee (?4-5 per order) would account for the great majority of profit. If this delivery fee is substantially cut, so will the profit obtained. Share Performance Graph – Share Price Performance of Selected Companies – 6-Month. Data obtained from Bloomberg (2014) [Online]. Focusing on share performance (Graph 1), over the previous 6-months, Tesco Plc is down by 18.3%, however performance is still between than W.M. Morrison and J Sainsbury, whose shares have fell by 24.2% and 19.9% respectively. Given this; the grocery sector has been a weak performer on the market, given that the FTSE 100 has risen by 2% over the same period. Weakness in the sector was seen on the 12th March (circled), after the market release from Kantar Worldpanel (2014). According to Kantar Worldpanel (2014), Tesco’s market share dropped to 28.7% in the 12 weeks ended March 2. That compares to 29.6% a year ago and is the lowest level since late 2004. Adding to the company’s woes, Tesco’s sales were down 0.6 percent in the three-month period. The main issue for investors was the movement of these sales to discounters Aldi and Lidl, plus upmarket grocer Waitrose. Morrison’s also loosened further to a share of 11.1% from 11.8% a year earlier, while ASDA, a subsidiary of Wal-Mart Stores eased to 17.5%, a 0.3 point fall Y-O-Y. Sainsbury’s was the only grocer among Britain’s ‘big four’ to hold on to its market share in the period, reaming at 17%, (Kantar Worldpanel, 2014). The report noted that the big-four where competing more for a shrinking ‘middle-ground’ as consumers move to either discounters or upmarket retailers – over the past 3-years, Waitrose, Aldi and Lidl have taken a combined 3.5 points from competition, equating to ?4.4Billion in sales per year, (Kantar Worldpanel, 2014). Taking an international look, while Wal-Mart did record a small drop on the 12th March, over the 6-month period its shares are up 3%, given its exposure to the U.S economy, which has been performing strongly, supported by consumer spending.SummaryWhile the recovery in the UK economy will present opportunities for Tesco Plc, given its exposure to consumer spending through an extensive product offering, major headwinds remain as the continued expansion of discounters pose a real threat, contrary to the thoughts of Tesco management. Furthermore the price-wars between major retailers commence once again for the shrinking middle-ground of the market, margins are expected to be hit. This has the potential to derail Tesco’s expansion plans, which will impact on future performance given aggressive competition. References BBC Business (2014) [Online]: Morrison’s restructuring sparks fears of new price war, UK, BBC News. Bloomberg (2014) [Online]: Share Price Data, Available at http://www.bloomberg.com/markets/, Accessed 27/03/2014. Financial Times (2014) [Online]: Tesco Plc, Available at http://markets.ft.com/research/Markets/Tearsheets/Summary?s=TSCO:LSE, Accessed 27/03/2014. Fitch Rating (2014): Morrison’s price cuts to pressure Tesco; margins at risk, UK, Fitch Ratings Agency. Kantar Worldpanel (2014): Unprecedented change in grocery retailing, UK, Kantar Worldpanel. Tesco (2013): Annual Review 2013, UK, Tesco Plc.

Eulogy Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Eulogy - Article Example ime working in a hospital to be closest among the sick, those who are compromised in health, and those who seek to recover from afflictions of the body, mind, and even the spirit. At that, I wanted to be remembered as a nurturing friend, a devoted and committed healthcare practitioner. To my professional colleagues, who I worked diligently in the hospital, I hope you would continue our fervent desire to be instrumental contributors to the improvement of health and well-being of those we serve. I cherish every moment spent with an ailing child or a recovering elder, as well as sharing the challenges during emergency situations, and the fun out of a box of doughnuts or a steaming hot cup of coffee. Every smile, gesture of appreciation, and firm acknowledgement of gratitude for having been of service to these people are the ones that I would remember most. At that, I want you to remember me as a committed health worker, a firm believer in holistic caring and that whatever form of comfort and caring that could be given should be accorded with love and faith that a Supreme Being guides us all. To my loved ones, I want you all to know that I am the most fortunate person who ever have lived in this world. You all have been my reasons for living. Your inspiration, holistic support, and unconditional love became my driving force to share that same enthusiasm and love for life to others. The warmth and caring that have been accorded me through my existence was just incomparable. I am sure that you must all feel the loss and the pain of my demise; as I am sure that if any of you would have been in my place now, I would likewise feel the same. But let me assure you that I would all be seeing you again to that special place that is reserved for us in eternal life. As grandfather used to say, death is merely a transition. It is stepping beyond the physical realm to spiritual dimension. It is looking forward to an endless bliss with all the angels and saints. At last I would

Environmental Management Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Environmental Management Systems - Essay Example To understand its ramifications a company has to systematically consider all the factors driving the complex relationships between its business model and the environment and how it affects the company's competitiveness and the balance sheet. Effective environmental policies and programmes need to be worked out and put in place. Environment Management System (EMS) is an operational tool for managing these impacts on an organisation's activities on the environment (Australia 2007)1. It provides a platform for a structured approach to planning and implementing environment protection measures. An EMS integrates environmental management into the company's daily operations, long-term planning, quality control systems and finally end up in the Annual Report. Today computers have pervaded and revolutionised all sorts of office work. Paper and white-collar offices are becoming things of the past and have been replaced with network infrastructures and functionality has shifted to the Internet, automation and e-business solutions. Computers bring efficiency and allow reduction in staff and office space at the same time copiously enhances volumetric capacity of data storage and simplifies retrieval of information. Clearly, this transformation has environmental and social benefits such as reduced consumption of paper has revitalized forest resources. Video conferencing has reduced travel, saving both money and time. All such repositioning forms part of EMS. An effective EMS can assist an organisation to: Minimise environmental liabilities and demonstrate good corporate practices and ethics. Maximize efficiency in utilising resources and reduce waste. Inculcate environmental concern among its employees to gain a better understanding of the environmental impacts of the work they are involved in. Stay on course with efficient operations to achieve corporate motive of increasing profits without compromising environmental concerns. Organisations can use EMS to ensure that their performance is within regulatory requirements, and prepare ahead of more stringent regulations that might be necessitated in the future. Case Studies It will be appropriate to study implementation of some successful EMS by big and small organisations. In some case studies analysed below we find how some corporate giants and local government bodies have effectively introduced EMS standards and are successfully evolving them. We also see how brutalities on nature by some big players are brought to justice through community movements and without management commitment EMS is not always a win-win situation. Konica Minolta Model Konica Minolta, the Japanese multinational giant involved in imaging and office solutions business, is successfully implementing environment friendly policies in their large network of establishments around the world (Report, 2005 p.18) 2. Some of the measures they have beneficially introduced are: By minimising product size and weight the company not only conserved in-put resources but also scaled down requirement of transport. They further improved upon it with design cameras and digital multi functional devices and came out with new greener models

Cyberbulling Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Cyberbulling - Research Paper Example Unlike traditional bullying, cyberbullying offers anonymity to bullies contributing both to impunity of offenders. Alongside with anonymity, it is the significant distance between bullies and the bullied that lead to crueler actions and more serious consequences. The rise of cyberbullying is caused by technology, especially by the Internet, introduction of which was soon followed by chat rooms. The latter were supplemented by AOL Instant Messenger, a program that allowed users to communicate with each other privately or in public chat rooms for hours. With its development, AOL Instant Messenger allowed creation of group-specific chat rooms. Telecommunication advances also contributed to proliferation of cyberbullying and cell phones in particular. The first generation of these telecommunication devices did not cause the rise of cyberbullyin; the second generation, however, did. The cell phones of the second generation appeared in the 1990s, and then spread widely. In 2010, about seventy-five percent of teenagers in the United States had cell phones, and one third of them sent three thousand messages per month. Today, about seventy-eight percent of teeangers are owners of cell phones (Donegan, 2012). Further development and spread of the Internet as well as the introduction of social networking websites also have fostered cyberbullying. All the social networks allow to create profiles, which include personal information, photos etc., and communicate with other people. Such publication of personal information and distanced communication is dangerous for children because it puts them in the position of either a victim of cyberbullying or an active offender (Donegan, 2012). The relatively short history of cyberbullying is notable for a significant number of suicides committed by victims. One of the most well-known cases is the case of a girl named Maggie Meier. She committed suicide in 2006 after her sister and mother created a fake account

Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Evaluation - Essay Example He also furthered his review by comparing this film with other works by the same director and by questioning the chemistry between the director and the screenwriter. The review was incredibly thorough and it covered a lot of aspects that many moviegoers would not pay attention to, such as the clashing of the director with the screenwriter. However, these are still vital in understanding why someone did or did not like a movie. The writer of the review is a good writer and was very excellent in his details. He did not leave a single thing out in his review and, as previously mentioned, even included behind-the-scenes details that most people do not notice. The writer was also right in his review. The review was not a simple one that stated that he did or did not like the movie, but was a lengthy, well-considered piece. His reasons for disliking the piece are true. The film lacked many aspects that could have made it even better. Furthermore, the writer actually gave reasons as to why he did not like, instead of just skirting around the fact that it was a bad movie. I agree with what the writer had to say, and it would be hard not to agree with th e honesty and detail that went into writing the

Critical Examination of the change management implications the Essay

Critical Examination of the change management implications the retirement of Terry Leahy's (Chief Executive) will have on Tesco - Essay Example Since its conception, Tesco has taken advantage and tackled major changes which have contributed to its success. Many changes facing the organization involve entrance of more women in the workplace, big disposable income, advent of weekly shop and the cheap food policy which was adopted in Britain after Second World War. The Origins and Development of Change in Financial Management The change in the financial growth of Tesco originates from e-commerce business activities which started in 2000 according to Finch (p184). Tesco concentrated more on its non-food business including the e-commerce business. Since then the company’s market shares have rapidly and impressively improved in the twenty first century. The management of Tesco since in history has been using technology for effective change. Tesco came up with a project known as Prospect to establish the areas in which technology could improve operational performance. The supermarket has indulged in a store-opening programme r for maintaining its position as the leading supermarket in the UK. The departure of a chief executive from any company attracts huge expectations in as far as changes in management are concerned as suggested by Toni and Tonchia (p947). The change can positive or even unsetting one depending on the leaving chief executive influence. The retired chief executive officer of Tesco spent his career developing the organization to be the biggest grocer in Britain. However his successor Phillip Clarke, will face the challenge of either maintaining the position or braking the company. The retailer has a wide range of products ranging from food to furniture as well mortgages and motor scooters. It has several outlets including its headquarters in Cheshunt and its branches in china. Tesco customers include buyers of high-quality goods and of low-cost goods while stores range from mega-stores to corner shops. One of the major changes that have been encountered by the retailer since the retirem ent of Leahy is the financial management. Since the set up of a joint venture with Royal bank which was done Leahy’s predecessor, Tesco has been offering financial services. According to Anon (69), this section has rapidly grown offering services such as loans, insurance and credit cards. One of the financial changes includes the now fully owned Tesco Bank which is aiming at becoming a great competitor to other banks. So far Tesco is selling its financial products to almost six million customers. Last year, the retailer launched a range of mortgages and savings account while in the current year Tesco is planning to launch a current account. The retail organization also intends to capitalize the discontent of customers through their current jobs. A focus by Liz Hartley who is principle consultant indicates that Tesco Bank will be among the top ten best banks in the country within the next five years. However the growth of the bank is likely to cause more changes in the organiz ation since banks are valued in a very different way compared to retailer. Key Implications of the Change to the Organization The change in financial management of Tesco has brought with it different implications. These implications include: The implication of balancing the current cost of managerial time with the new suppliers benefits as well as how to cope with the existing suppliers. With the retirement of Leahy, Tesco financial managem

Local and National Provision of Hurling Essay Example for Free

Local and National Provision of Hurling Essay In this essay I will look at how Hurling is provided for in Belfast at grassroots level to representative level. I will also examine if there is any provision for those with disabilities to play Hurling and I will examine if there is any provision for different gender groups. I will then see what provision is available to play Hurling at national level and see how excellence is developed. The national governing body of hurling is the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA). The National Organisation (G.A.A.) is run by Central Council (à rd Comhairle), with the Management Committee (Coiste Bainistà ­) controlling day-to-day affairs. They run the All-Ireland series of the club and county championships, and look after the Railway Cup competition. The Provincial Councils are the organisations responsible for the arrangement of G.A.A. matters within their Province. They organise the Provincial Championships for clubs and counties in both hurling and football, and look after organisational and disciplinary matters in their jurisdiction. Each of the thirty-two counties in Ireland organises its own GAA affairs through a County Board. Counties have a number of Divisional or Juvenile Boards to organise competitions at district and youth levels. The County Board (and / or subsidiary boards) will organise competitions for the clubs within its jurisdiction. They are also responsible for the organisation of teams to play at inter-county level, at all age groups from Under-10 to Senior. The G.A.A. has over 2,500 clubs in Ireland alone. The playing of Gaelic Games is based on the G.A.A/ Club, and each of the 32 Counties in Ireland have their own Club competitions, culminating in County Winners in championship and league. GAA Central Council (à rd Comhairle) Provincial Councils County Board Divisional or Juvenile Boards Clubs Young people in Belfast are catered to play hurling in a number of different ways. There are GAA clubs they can join which will take them from U8 right through to senior level, but there are also many competitions organised through schools and colleges. Clubs/County Schools U8/U10 Primary School Blitz tournament Inter School Competitions

History of Ocean Explorations

History of Ocean Explorations Significance of oceans Oceans are very important for human being in many ways. We will discuss three significance of ocean here Significance of ocean in exploration Significance of ocean in transportation Strategic role of oceans Significance of oceans in exploration Ocean played major role in exploration of many unexplored lands of the world. The age of exploration begin in early 15th century to until 17th century in which many Europeans travelled and explore many land of Africa, America, Australia and many other islands. Reason of travel They travelled to get spices, goods like silk and gold, religion converts and for bypassing the Muslim empires They travelled because they get the new and more detailed maps and also the new instruments which they used in exploration some of the instrument are Astrolabe that is used to determine altitude of the sun and position of the stars Sextant that is used to find latitude and longitude New ships which were bigger than the past Explorers With the rise of the Turks in the 14th and 15th centuries, trade with the east became increasingly difficult by land. But under the influence of the Renaissance on the European mind there also developed an urge of adventure and enterprise to discover new lands to plant colonies of their own people in them and to find a new independent route to India. Thus the 15th century ushered in an era of discoveries in the history of European peoples. (1) Some of famous explorers are: Marco Polo (1250-1324) He started his travel from Italy to china in 1271 with his father and uncle he spend 20 years with Kublai Khan. In 1292 he decided to went back king gave him 14 ships. He travelled from Java, Sumatra, Sri Lanka and Madagascar. Prince Henry (1396-1460) He was a Portuguese explorer. He reached India bypassing Muslim Empires and Africa .In 1455 he reach to banning coast. He discovers many lands of Atlantic Ocean. Captain Vasco da Gama He travelled from Cape of Good Hope to Mozambique to Mogadishu to Mombasa. In 1498 he travelled and reached Calicut from Mozambique and realised the Portuguese ambition to finding a sea route to India. Kristopher Columbus (1451-1508) He was Spanish but studied in Portugal. He travelled to explore India. In 1492 he reached West Indies he thought that he had discover India until his death. Magellan: He was Portages explorer but Spanish king help him in sailing and provide him 5 ships. He started his journey in 1519 from Spain to Brazil and then South America and tip of India. He reached Guam islands (east of Philippine) on April 27, 1521 he entered Philippine and killed there. Juan Sebastian the captain of Victoria ship one of the Magellan ship reached Spain by crossing Indian Ocean. In 1522 Juan Sebastian in Victoria circles the earth. French and English nations In 1534 the French navigator Jacques Cartier’s (1491-1557) expedition in an attempt to find the north-west passage reached the mouth of the St. Lawrence and discovered the lower fertile valley of the river. In 1553 the English expedition of Willoughby and Chancellor, in search of North East passage, reached the White Sea leading to the discovery of Russia. In 1576 Sir Martin Frobisher undertook three voyages (1576-1578) westward to find the north-westward passage and in the last attempt discovered the Hudson strait of the north of Labrador. (2) Captain James cooks (1728-1779) He was British navigator he drew the outline of Pacific Ocean and explores many Islands and countries. There are three major journeys of cook 1768-1771: He travelled from England to South America (Strait of Magellan) to Pacific Ocean to New Zealand to New gunny to Australia (eastern coast and islands) Cape of Good Hope to back to England. 1772-1775: Start his travel from England to Cape of Good Hope to Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean then to New Zealand and different islands he reached Antarctic circles up to 71 degree and 10 minutes then reached England moving from Strait of Magellan. 1776-1779: Started his travel from England to Cape of Good Hope then New Zealand Go way islands to Northern post, Alaska, bearing post, Russia and died there. Kids.britanicca.com After James cooks the Earth was explore world map was redrawn. Significance of ocean in Transportation The oceans serve as a highway for trade and travel. Mostly the shipment of heavy trade commodities and mineral oil is transported through these ocean routs. (3) There are many ways of transportation like roads, railway, by air and by water. Water enables more efficient travel as compared to land for most of heavy material things like containers, oil tankers, heavy machinery and jets and other weapons etc. Waterways are very important for the transportation of people and goods throughout the world. Connection between coastal ports and inland ports of countries lead the foundation of material economics wealthy worldwide. Early history of water-based transportation In the past water-based transportation was very important for domestic and international trade and travelling of people. By the early exploration many natural resources were identified such as fisheries and timber etc. For the transportation of these resources trade centres were established along the coastal areas where goods were gathered and then transported to consumers of Europe and other areas of the world by ocean vessels. Introduction of transportation system lead the small subsistence farms to larger farms such as wheat, tobacco, rice and cotton that were commercially marketable in Europe. By the ocean vessels low value goods were exported and returned with high value and low density goods like inks, linens and finished products. During 1700s, the British government passed away act to collect taxes from the colonies this step of Government affected the trade. Transportation in Twentieth and twenty-first centuries In this time with the arrival of advancement in technology, engines design as well as improvement in construction material the ships which looked like the beautiful city the transportation become very easy and economically better then the last centuries of times. Moderns cruise ships, ferries and many other small boats carry peoples for daily business commuting to fishing and sightseeing. Ferry system in Nova Scotia (Canada) is an example of the importance of waterway of transportation. About 95% of U.S. foreign trade passes through its port system. Pakistan Karachi port is very important as far as the heavy materials transportation is concern. Today the world economy has become globalized. According to NOAA the U.S. was the world’s leading trader in 1998, about one billion tons of trade was bound with ocean. All containers of different goods and oil tankers that cannot be transported by other mean of transportation so they are transported by the water passageway these heavy material are transported to the ports by land and then transported by ocean ways to the other countries of the world. (NATO supply is also carried out by the ocean way from U.S.A. a large part is transported to the army of NATO from Pakistan)